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Business Home Internet European countries this year seized dozens of tons of farmed salmon from Chile found to be contaminated with malachite green, a fabric dye banned in the United States since 1991 and suspected of causing cancer. But the United States imports thousands of tons of salmon from Chile without testing for malachite green, which also acts as a fungicide, or other chemicals used at foreign fish farms.

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Business Mlm Opportunity It is unclear whether salmon tainted with such compounds is entering U.S. markets.

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Based Business Home Income Earlier this year, however, Canadian inspectors found malachite green in smoked salmon they believe was first imported to the United States and packaged here. And Costco, which annually sells more than 30 million pounds of mostly Chilean farmed salmon, said last week that it will soon begin screening for the fungicide.

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Based Business Home Internet "We're going to make sure there's a full-court press on this," said Jeff Lyons, vice president for fresh foods at the wholesale giant. "We're going to make sure our suppliers are on notice this is absolutely prohibited."

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Business Homebased Opportunity Federal officials fear that Americans are being exposed to harmful drugs in farmed fish and plan to expand testing later this year. One official who spoke on the condition of anonymity acknowledged that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is swamped by the more than 4 billion pounds of seafood entering the country annually from more than 160 countries.

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Based Business Home Mlm Americans show an insatiable and growing appetite for cheap farmed seafood. The number of FDA inspectors assigned to screen the nearly 10 billion pounds of imported and domestic fish each year -- fewer than 200 -- has not kept pace.

Business New Opportunity The deficiencies in the U.S. system became evident when health authorities in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom repeatedly blocked salmon from Chilean farms tainted with malachite green. The dye kills fungus on farmed fish but may have toxic effects and breaks down into a potential carcinogen that collects in fish tissue. European scientists consider the chemical a toxin that also poses risk of reproductive harm.

Business Home Online Scientists at the FDA, which oversees seafood imports, have suspected since 1996 the chemical may cause cancer, according to the agency's budget records.

Best Business Home Opportunity Roughly half of the fresh and frozen salmon consumed in the United States comes from Chilean farms.

Business Investment But the FDA tests no incoming salmon for the fungicide.

Business Home Making Money And other drugs, some of them antibiotics familiar for their human application, may be slipping through.

Based Business Free Home The FDA does not test salmon for oxytetracycline, an antibiotic, although authorities in Japan recently seized Chilean salmon with excessively high levels of it.

Business Internet Online And it conducts no testing for ivermectin, a pesticide designed for terrestrial livestock but detected in 2001 in salmon farmed in the United Kingdom. Thousands of tons of U.K. salmon enter the United States each year.

Best Business Opportunity Though FDA staff is stretched thin, the agency sometimes warns inspectors to check for problems in certain imports. It has not done so for salmon.

Business Computer Home FDA officials say U.S. consumers have no cause for concern because the FDA responds to problems "in relatively short order" and is developing new tests as quickly as possible.

Business Idea Opportunity But overall, enforcement lags.

Based Business Home Online Seafood imports have nearly doubled in the past 20 years, much of it owing to a surge in cheap, farmed salmon and shrimp that has shouldered U.S.-caught wild fish out of the market. More than 75 percent of seafood eaten nationwide is imported, much of it farmed.

Business Federal Opportunity Marine farms combat disease among crowded fish with antibiotics, fungicides and other drugs. The FDA has identified more than 30 drugs used in foreign aquaculture, according to a report by a deputy director in the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine.

Based Business Home Legitimate Federal law bars seafood containing the drugs from entering the country.

Business Home Mlm Opportunity But the FDA tests for only five of them, some in only certain products. Salmon is tested for one drug, shrimp for four.

Business Home Idea Internet Congress and watchdog groups have blasted the FDA for checking less than 2 percent of seafood imports for obvious failings such as decay or false labeling.

Based Business From Home That limited review led FDA inspectors this year to reject more than 200 loads of salmon from Canada, Chile, the United Kingdom and other countries because they were filthy, putrid or infected with harmful bacteria such as listeria.

Business Make Money Online Drugs can be detected only with more involved laboratory tests. But the FDA tests less than one-half of 1 percent of all imported foods for the few drugs it looks for, its records show.

Base Business Home Opportunity Example: More than 177,000 tons of seafood, 40 percent of it salmon, entered the United States through Seattle-area ports last year. That would fill almost 10,000 tractor-trailer rigs. But the FDA has 31 inspectors handling all imports, from lipstick to microwaves. They test fewer than 400 samples -- only some of them seafood -- for drugs.

Business Magazine Opportunity "We're spread pretty thin," an FDA official in Portland, Ore., said. The FDA allowed him to speak only on the condition he not be named.

Business Make Money Fish farming took off during "a cowboy era of globalization and free market, and that has helped it escape regulation," said Mike Skladany of the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, a critic of salmon farming. "The stuff has just come flooding in without any inspection to speak of."

Business Opportunity Weblog All Chilean salmon is farmed and is widely sold at retail chains.

Base Business Home Online Chile's roughly 400 farms ship more salmon to the United States than to any other country besides Japan and view U.S. consumers as their largest growth market. The United States imports about five times as much Chilean salmon as European countries, and is likely to bring in more under a free trade agreement President Bush signed with Chile on Sept. 3.

Business Home Income Testing is far more aggressive in Europe.

Business Opportunity Unique Health officials in the United Kingdom halted five incoming containers of Chilean salmon in March because they contained malachite green. U.K. officials also found malachite green and related compounds in seven samples of salmon farmed in the United Kingdom this year.

Business Home Job Opportunity The U.K. findings prompted officials in the Netherlands to test 10 shipments of salmon from Chile. Of the eight tested so far, half contained malachite green and will be destroyed, said Dick Groothuis of the Dutch Inspectorate for Health Protection.

Business From Home Mlm Rodrigo Infante of the Chile Salmon Producers Association questioned the accuracy of the Dutch and U.K. identification of malachite green. However, Dutch officials said the widely accepted tests are very reliable. A delegation of Chilean officials who visited Holland did not question the results.

Ameriplan Business Opportunity A Chilean court last year fined two salmon farming companies in Chile for using malachite green, which is also illegal in Chile.

Business Internet Marketing At least two of the Chilean companies that had tainted salmon seized in Europe also export to the United States, federal records show.

Business Home Legitimate Malachite green breaks down into another compound called leucomalachite green, which collects in fish tissue. The FDA commissioned studies of the compounds in 1996 because they resemble others known to cause cancer, said John Bucher, deputy director of the environmental toxicology program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, N.C.

Business Home Make Money The results are not available yet, but will be presented to a scientific board in November.

Affiliate Business Opportunity The FDA would not allow The Oregonian of Portland, Ore., to speak with scientists conducting the research, and required the newspaper to submit questions in writing. Without the studies, FDA officials said they do not know whether malachite green or leucomalachite green presents a public health risk.

Business Income Opportunity FDA officials said they expect to begin testing seafood for more drugs, including malachite green and ivermectin, later this year. They are also trying to determine safe levels for other drugs.

Business Opportunity Unlimited In the meantime, consumers are protected by a system called Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, where U.S. and foreign seafood producers must identify and address food safety hazards, FDA officials said.

Business Opportunity Seeker But the U.S. General Accounting Office has found the system weak and full of holes.

Business Opportunity Travel "It's a smoke screen," said Caroline Smith DeWaal, food safety director at Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit FDA watchdog. "If the FDA doesn't check for substances, you can be sure no one else is."

Business Opportunity Turnkey By Michael Milstein
Newhouse News Service - 9/24/2003

Topic: Toxics

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